A Systems Approach to the Modern
Microbiome World:
Investigating Host-Microbiota Symbiosis
Microorganisms living in or on the body of a healthy human
adult outnumber human cells by 10 to one. A large number of the 100 trillion
microbes that compose the majority of life on Earth have coevolved a close
relationship with the mammalian immune system. Therefore, by solely limiting
research to either the host or bacteria, only half of the information required
in microbiome studies is being seen. The symbiotic relationship of the host and
resident microbiota must remain in delicate harmony to maintain a healthy body.
Disruption of the microbial community can lead to an imbalance in homeostasis
of the immune cells including Th17, T regulatory, and innate lymphoid cells,
which can influence susceptibility of the host to a variety of health disorders
including rheumatoid arthritis, obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn’s
disease, diabetes, and ulcerative colitis, among others. As the number of
microbiome studies grow, it is becoming increasingly clear that the host and
microbiota do not operate alone. To understand the complete story, the
interaction between the host and bacterial systems needs to be considered
through a more holistic, systematic approach. This just
such an approach, examining the problem from the perspective of both the host
and microbiome.
Science
Moléculas de millones de años podrían revelar el secreto de
la vida
El Instituto
Tecnológico de Georgia (Georgia Institute of Technology, GIT) ha publicado un
nuevo estudio que le permite revelar claves del origen de la vida gracias a su
investigación de la evolución de los ribosomas. Según los datos del estudio, la
evolución de los ribosomas, unas moléculas de 4.000 millones de años, puede
explicar cómo las primeras moléculas de la vida en la Tierra primitiva
formaron los precursores de las proteínas modernas y el ARN.
Los investigadores
indican que el núcleo del ribosoma es esencialmente el mismo en todos los seres
vivos, pero su capa exterior se expande a medida que el organismo evoluciona y
se hace más complejo. Mediante la descamación digital de las capas de ribosomas
modernos los expertos lograron modelar la estructura de los ribosomas
primordiales.
“La historia de los
ribosomas nos habla del origen de la vida”, dice Loren Williams, profesor de la Facultad de Química y
Bioquímica del GIT. “En su esencia, el ribosoma es el mismo en todas partes. El
ribosoma es la biología universal”.
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